International Conference on Eye Disorders and Treatment July 13-15, 2015 Baltimore, USA

Biography:

Lyne Racette is an Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology at the Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute at Indiana University’s School of Medicine (Indianapolis, IN), and an Adjunct Professor at Indiana University’s School of Optometry (Bloomington, IN). After receiving her PhD from Carleton University (Ottawa, Canada), she joined the University of California at San Diego (San Diego, CA) where she completed a Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Hamilton Glaucoma Center.

Abstract:

While the presence and rate of glaucoma progression influences treatment decisions, the methods currently available to detect and monitor progression are imprecise and do not allow clinicians to make accurate assessments of the status of their patients. We have developed a dynamic structure-function (DSF) model to detect glaucoma progression, with the long-term goal of improving the detection and monitoring of glaucoma progression using structural and functional data jointly. This DSF model has two descriptors: Centroids and velocity vectors. The centroids represent the current stage of the disease, while the velocity vectors represent the trend of change of the centroids over time. The velocity vectors are in 2-dimensional space and show the direction (vector orientation) and rate (vector length) of change. We have also developed an individualized inferential component for our DSF model that is based on permutation analysis and that allows the model to tease out true progression from variability for each eye. Longitudinal data from patients with ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma enrolled in the diagnostic innovations in glaucoma study or in the African descent and glaucoma evaluation study were used to assess the prediction accuracy of the model. We used mean sensitivity as a functional measure and rim area as a structural measure. In this paper, we present the details of our DSF model, compare its prediction accuracy to that of ordinary least square linear regression, and assess its agreement with other measures of glaucoma progression.

Biography:

Janardan Kumar, PhD is a Professor of Microbiology and Chemistry at Becker College. He served as a Chair of the Natural Science Department. Prior to joining Becker College, while working as a Research Associate/Assistant Professor at Duke University, he first proposed at the ARVO international conference, Fort Lauderdale, that the Rho-GTPase activation mediated through LPA and thrombin perfusion caused increase outflow resistance in porcine eyes. In 2001 while at Duke University, he filed for intellectual property in the U.S. on RGD-containing peptides as safe therapeutic alternatives for glaucoma therapy. The same molecule has been filed for patent in Japan, with additional international applications to follow.

Abstract:

The emerging evidence on Rho-GTPase studies in the field of glaucoma research has reinforced a growing understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) of aqueous humor outflow resistance and provided new drug targets for glaucoma therapy. Several laboratories, including our research team suggested that the increased outflow facility was as a result of the cellular contractions in outflow pathway cells. Even perfusion of thrombin with impurities in porcine eyes, initially misled us to a conclusion that the Rho-GTPase activation with thrombin leading to cellular contraction might increase the outflow facility. Furthermore, investigation of pure thrombin and Lysophosphatidic Acid (LPA) perfusion in porcine eyes led us to conclude that Rho-GTPase activation, in fact, decreased the outflow facility. A number of studies have focused on to the regulation of outflow, however, very little is known about the regulation of fluid dynamics in the eye and the role of outflow pathway cells for maintaining aqueous humor outflow resistance. The simple reason is that the physiologically compromised fluid dynamics measuring device at constant pressure and the fluid medium for perfusion, similar to the aqueous humor, are not fully developed. Hence, measurement of the fluid dynamics at constant pressure is warranted to determine if aqueous flow is continuous or discontinuous, and could be directly correlated with the function of outflow pathway cells. Moreover, we hypothesize that the measurements of LPA and/or thrombin in the aqueous humor of glaucomatous eyes might provide a rationale to the pathophysiology of glaucoma. We anticipate that this new knowledge will ultimately lead to the development of new therapeutic alternatives in the management of glaucoma.

Biography:

Abstract:

Although smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) is a reliable endophenotype of schizophrenia, exact underlying cognitive and neural substrates remain unknown. A simple mechanistic model of SPEM assumes an efficient interaction in integrating sensory input from the medial temporal (MT)/medial superior temporal (MST) brain regions and subsequent motor response through the frontal eye field (FEF). Poor functional connectivity between these two regions could explain impaired motion perception and SPEM maintenance in schizophrenia. In the present study, we combined an eye tracking paradigm with electroencephalography (EEG) recordings to investigate the putative functional connectivity among frontal/posterior brain regions in mediating the modulation of SPEM. Twenty four schizophrenic (SZ) and 22 healthy control (HC) participants performed remembered pursuit tasks with EEG recordings. Behaviorally, HC subjects showed significant improvement in SPEM response on repeated presentations of target compared to SZ subjects. Neurophysiologically HC subjects showed higher frontal/posterior phase synchronization in the beta to low gamma range frequency bands during all target presentations. In addition there was a significant increase in phase synchronization in the beta-2 frequency band in HC subjects during late compared to early target presentation. In contrast, higher frontal/posterior phase synchronization in the beta-2 frequency predicted better performance during late target presentation and lower enduring psychosis in SZ subjects. These data suggest a pathologically perturbed connectivity between frontal and posterior cortical regions during SPEM in SZ. The integrative eye tracking-EEG approach used in this study to dissect the endophenotype may reveal novel targets for studying schizophrenia psychopathology.

Biography:

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Biography:

Abstract:

Aim: Bone marrow transplantation is a treatment procedure usually applied for the patients suffering from leukemia. It is observed that some of these patients complain from partial vision loss some months after the operation whereas the routine visual examination of these patients are normal, therefore the aim of present work is to examine the visual pathway of these patients to search for the probable visual pathway degeneration of these patients using visual evoked potential (VEP). Method: 10 patients following bone marrow transplantation were selected randomly. These patients had this operation for at least one year before. Routine ophthalmological examination of these patients was normal or at most they have refractive error problem which could be corrected by suitable spectacles. Visual evoked potential was recorded in these patients. Latency (msec) and amplitude (μV) of VEP, P100 Peak was noted for each patient. Beside these patients10 human being with healthy visual system was selected to compare the result of VEP in patients with healthy group following VEP recording. Result: It is observed that 4 patients had abnormal VEP pattern which was reflected either in latency or amplitude of VEP, P100 Peak. Conclusion: From the result of present work, one can conclude that VEP examination of patients following bone marrow transplantation is necessary prior to operation so that if at all any unexplained visual loss is observed after operation; the medical staff can follow the case for the probable reason for this malfunction.

Biography:

Arpitha Parthasarathy completed her PhD in Biomedical Sciences from Aravind Eye Hospitals, India and Postdoctoral Fellowship at National Institutes of health, Maryland. She was a Postdoctoral Scientist at George Washington University and Univ. of Kentucky. She has published in many peer reviewed ophthalmic journals and is now the “Director of Translational and Molecular Biology Research” at Plasma Medicine Life Sciences and heads the Translational and Molecular Biology Division of Jerome Canady Research Institute for advanced Biological and Technical Sciences, USA.

Abstract:

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) activates pro-apoptotic signaling pathways triggered through redox potential in cancer cells leading to and decreased cell survival (Drs. Keidar and Canady’s group). We hypothesize that CAP may have a dramatic effect on these apoptotic pathways in cancer and cancer stem cells (CSC) and thereby reducing the application of chemotherapeutics. The present study aims at identifying newer targets and pathways that are involved in the down regulation of retinoblastoma and other CSC’s, cancer cell lines Canady Hybrid Plasma scalpels to address some of these important questions in plasma medicine and cancer therapeutics. Quantitative Confocal Microscopy, Q-PCR, Immunoblots for Nf-Kb mediated and apoptotic pathways, analysis of stem cell signaling via Beta-catenin using TIRF microscopy are some of the methods used in the current study. On the basis of the background literature and our preliminary results we hypothesize that CAP has a selective mechanism to ablate the CSCs. The outcome of the current study will enable cancer researchers to develop newer strategies along with CAP in the treatment of cancer.

Biography:

Mary Beth Aronow is an Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology at the Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins. She specializes in the medical and surgical management of adult and pediatric eye tumors. She received her Medical Degree from Yale University School of Medicine following an Internship in Internal Medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston. She has completed her Ophthalmology Residency at the Cole Eye Institute at the Cleveland Clinic. She then completed Subspecialty Fellowship Training in Ophthalmic Oncology at the Cole Eye Institute and as well as an additional Fellowship in Medical Retina at the National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health.

Abstract:

Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Despite improvements in diagnosis and local tumor control using eye-sparing techniques, a commensurate improvement in mortality has not been observed. This current situation underlines the need for effective methods to predict and address metastatic disease. Prognostication for metastatic risk has evolved over the past two decades. Initial studies focused on clinical and histopathologic risk factors. More recently, prognostication has been based upon tumor cytogenetics and gene expression profiling. Our laboratory has extensive experience with FISH-based prognostication of uveal melanoma. Data regarding the use of this technique will be presented. As techniques have evolved, there are now commercially available assays for assessment of metastatic risk. As these technologies continue to improve the ultimate goals are to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms that impart metastatic potential and to develop targeted therapies.

Biography:

Albert S Khouri an Faculty at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and Program Director of the only academic training residency program in Ophthalmology in New Jersey. Current research interest includes innovative trials for diagnosis, treatment of glaucoma and telemedicine. Mentors residents and medical students in clinical research Glaucoma, cataract and ocular trauma instruction and surgical education. Albert S Khouri is dedicated to the practice of Ophthalmology and the treatment of adult and childhood glaucoma’s.

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Ophthalmic telemedicine enhances screening for blinding diseases and brings subspecialty expertise to the community. Screening for glaucoma poses distinct diagnostic challenges. About half of glaucoma patients are unaware of their disease. Screening with IOP measurement, functional and structural testing has limitations. The presentation will discuss challenges to glaucoma diagnosis and potential solutions to glaucoma screening. Stereoscopic optic nerve imagingand hardware/software solutions can be applied during telemedicine in community outreach programs. Software-assisted optic nerve analysis, applications of digital filters in imaging (RGB separation, depth analysis), and real-time teleglaucoma screening are constantly evolving fields that have significant potential applications both in telemedicine and in direct clinical care of glaucoma patients.

Biography:

Lu Chen, MD and PhD, received her Postdoctoral training at the Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School and is now an Associate Professor and Morton D. Sarver Endowed Chair at University of California, Berkeley. She also holds Joint Faculty positions at the Proctor Foundation for Research in Ophthalmology at University of California, San Francisco, and the Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School.

Abstract:

Lymphatic research has progressed rapidly in recent years. The cornea provides an ideal tissue for lymphatic research due to its accessible location, transparent nature, and lymphatic-free but –inducible features. Once induced, corneal lymphatics enhance high volume delivery of antigens and immune cells, and accelerate transplant rejection. Our research goal is to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis and to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention. This presentation is to introduce our recent advances in corneal lymphatic research, which have broad implications for ocular and nonocular diseases.

Biography:

Qingguo Xu is Research Associate in the Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA. His research is focused on nanoparticle-based ocular drug delivery. He is an expert in translational nanomedicine for ocular therapy. He is the co-inventor for up to 12 patent applications including 3 eye treatment related applications.Previously, he was Post-doc Fellow in the Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute from 2010 to 2013, and Process Scientist in the Unilever, United Kingdom from 2008-2010. He received his D.Phil. in Materials Sciences (biomaterials) from University of Oxford, United Kingdom. He was a recipient of 2013 Genentech-American Association for Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) Innovation in Biotechnology Award.

Abstract:

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of biodegradable nanoparticles that provided sustained release of corticosteroid to prevent corneal allograft rejection following subconjunctival injection to rats. Methods: Biodegradable nanoparticles encapsulated with water-soluble dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) were prepared by solvent diffusion method. Nanoparticles were characterized in terms of particle size, surface charge, and morphology. The drug loading efficiency and the in-vitro drug release were measured using HPLC method [1]. Histological examination was used to study the safety of nanoparticles after subconjunctival injection. DSP levels in various ocular tissues after subconjunctival administration to rats were quantified through the scintillation counting using [3H]-labelled DSP. The corneal transplantation was carried out by implanting the central corneal button of a Fisher rat to the corneal bed of a Lewis rat. After corneal transplantation, animals were treated with [2]: 1) saline, 2) placebo nanoparticles, 3) free DSP (2 mg DSP/mL) and 4) DSP-loaded nanoparticles (2 mg DSP/mL). Results: The biodegradable nanoparticles exhibited size of 200 nm, surface charge of -8 mV, and drug loading of 8% by weight. Nanoparticles provided a sustained in vitro drug release over 15 days. Histology showed that nanoparticles had no ocular toxicity after SC injection to rats. A constantly high ocular drug levels for at least 7 days after subconjunctival administration were observed, as comparison, the ocular drug levels rapidly dropped to undetectable levels after subconjunctival administration of free DSP. DSPloaded nanoparticles through weekly subconjunctival injection prevented corneal allograft rejection in rats over the entire 9-week study showing transparent cornea without neovascularization and edema. In comparison, corneal rejection in control treatment groups of either placebo nanoparticles, saline or free DSP occurred within less than 4 weeks accompanied by severe corneal edema, neovascularization and opacity. The corneas with the treatment of DSP-loaded nanoparticles had intact epithelial, stromal and endothelial layers, and no thickening or anterior chamber inflammation. In comparison, in the control treatment groups, corneas were all thickened, and the corneal grafts lost their structural integrity with extensive inflammatory cell and blood vessel infiltration throughout the cornea. We also did not observe increased intraocular pressure throughout the entire 9-week study for the weekly subconjunctival administration of DSP-loaded nanoparticles in rats. Conclusion: Corticosteroid-loaded nanoparticles effectively prevented the corneal allograft rejection in a rat model. The sustained drug release provided by nanoparticles may enhance patient compliance and improve efficacy for prevention of corneal graft rejection.

Biography:

Sandra Franco has a degree in Applied Physics – Optics (with specialization in optometry) and completed her PhD at University of Minho in 2005. She is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Physics, University of Minho. Her research focuses on the field of Ophthalmic Instrumentation and Visual Optics, particularly in imaging and evaluation of the anterior segment of the eye. She developed further research to assess the impact of ocular accommodation in both ocular and internal aberrations. She has published several scientific articles and book chapters and presented communications in various national and international conferences. She is referee of some scientific journals and was/is part of the research team of national and European research projects.

Abstract:

The optical properties of the eye are not static and change continuously over time with factors such as pupil size, the tear film stability and accommodation. Real-time measurement of the monochromatic ocular wavefront aberrations provides insights into the dynamics of the mechanisms that control accommodation. In addition, real-time wavefront analysis can be applied to evaluate the tear film dynamics providing data to understand how the tear film quality and dynamics affects the optical quality of the eye and retinal image quality. This work will review existing techniques to measure time ocular monochromatic wavefront aberrations in real time and will explore some of its clinical applications. Special attention will be given to techniques and studies undertaken at the Centre of Physics of University of Minho.

Biography:

Abstract:

Background: The corneal epithelium serves as a barrier and contributes to the maintenance of corneal transparency and rigidity. Ulcers and erosions of the corneal epithelium as well as delays in resurfacing of the cornea after wounding are major causes of ocular morbidity and visual loss. Corneal ulceration is very frequent and represents one of the most important eye diseases. Chemical burns of eye presents a major therapeutic challenge to the ophthalmologist. Corneal alkali burns represent between 7% and 10% of eye injuries. Aim: To investigate the structure and organization of corneal epithelium during the healing process of rabbit corneal wounds with monitoring of the corneal electrolyte contents with energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDAX) and to screen through immunohistochemistry corneal cellular changes for apoptosis and proliferation during healing process using Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Tunnel Apoptosis Assay. Material and methods: 30 New Zealand rabbits weighing 2.5 kg were used. An alkali wound of the cornea was performed in the right eye of with round filter paper, 5.5 mm in diameter which were soaked in 0.5 mol/L NaOH for 5 seconds and then were placed centrally on the cornea for 60 seconds. The left eyes will serve as controls. The corneas (normal ulcerated and healed (epithelialized) were harvested at various time points (0, day one, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days of corneal injury and processed for examination with light and scanning electron microscopy with monitoring of the corneal electrolyte contents C, N, O, Na, P, Mo, Ag, Ca, K, Silica with an EDAX. Results: Inflammatory response with massive inflammatory cell infiltrates mainly leukocytes (PML) are the first cells that migrate into the tissues in response to injury insult in the first 24 hours cells were mainly neutrophils. Steadily other mononuclear cells begin to appear along with signs of new capillaries formation. Moreover, progressive increase in basal corneal epithelial cell proliferative activity both in limbal region and leading corneal ulcer edge, stromal keratocytes and endothelial capillaries cells. Labeling for apoptosis was found only on the epithelial surface of normal cornea and not in deeper layers. After alkali injury few positive deeper epithelial cell were seen. In addition, stromal cells apoptosis was present in all the alkali-burned corneas; Observable alterations of mineral concentrations in the rabbit cornea after alkali injury burns. Conclusion: Basal corneal epithelial cell proliferative activity starts earlier after 24 hour of alkali injury and was headed by massive leukocytes infiltrate in the stroma and within epithelial cells. PCNA was expressed in the vascular endothelium. The PCNA expression starts later in the keratocytes but lasts somewhat longer. In present investigations, we found alterations of mineral concentrations in the rabbit cornea both in epithelial and collagen contents after alkali injury burns Mo is an essential trace element was found to decline during the healing process of corneal wound injury. Medical intervention with appropriate solutions containing element such as Mo may require with other mineral deficient in restoring and maintaining the normal mineral composition of the denuded corneal stroma.

Biography:

Abstract:

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare preoperative and postoperative quality of vision and life perception after Automated Lamellar Keratoplasty (ALK) in patients with moderate to severe keratoconus. Method: This is a retrospective review of 52 consecutive eyes (42 patients) with moderate to severe keratoconus managed with Automated Lamellar Keratoplasty as first choice of treatment between the year 2005 and 2015 by a single surgeon. Data collected was preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (VA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), subjective quality of vision and life perception evaluation was performed with the Vision-Perception Clinical Questionnaire (VPCQ). Further refractive surgery for residual refraction also was evaluated and done as part of their visual recovery. Results: All operated eyes (100%) improved UCVA postoperative and 95 percent improved BCVA. All patients referred an increase in their quality of vision and decreased their dependence of glasses or contact lenses. All patients were more independent for daily life activities from which 50% started with sports and activities preoperatively impossible to do. Twenty six percent of the patients underwent LASEK refractive surgery for correction of residual myopia and astigmatism. Conclusion: Automated Lamellar Keratoplasty is a reproducible procedure that not only improves UCVA and BCVA in moderate and severe cases of Keratoconus but also has a beneficial and positive outcome in patient’s quality of vision and perception of life activities.

Biography:

Ruo-Pan Huang is a founder and CEO of RayBiotech, Inc. and adjunct Associate Professor of Emory University. As a pioneer in the development of protein array technology, he and his team have developed many innovative protein array technologies and products which now are widely used worldwide by many investigators. He has published about 100 scientific research papers. He also serves on the editorial board of several journals such as Cancer Genomics and Proteomics, journal of analytical oncology and open journal of proteomics and on several other committees, including an NIH study section and Chinese National Natural Science Fund. His research has been funded by NIH, ACS, Emory University and others. During his tenure, he has received several awards, including the American Cancer Society Young Investigator Award.http://eye.conferenceseries.com/

Abstract:

Eye-derived fluids including tears, aqueous humor and vitreous humor often contain molecular signatures of ocular disease states in particular cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, proteases and soluble receptors. However, the small quantities (<10 µl) of these fluids severely limit the detection of these proteins by traditional ELISA or western blot. To maximize the amount of information generated from the analysis of these low-volume specimens, we have developed several innovative protein array technologies to profile multiple protein expression levels in a semi-quantitative or quantitative manner. Such technologies have been employed in the study of many complex ocular diseases including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and keratoconus. Our system has demonstrated great promise in advancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of these diseases and in the development of clinically useful biomarkers or drug targets.

Biography:

Shunbin Xu received his MD in 1991 at Peing Union Medical College, Beijing, China, and his PhD in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University, in 2000. He is one of the pioneers in the field of miRNAs in retina and retinal diseases and made significant contribution to the current understanding on miRNAs in retina and retinal diseases.

Abstract:

Purpose: The purpose of our study is to identify miRNAs involved in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and test the potential of candidate miRNAs as therapeutic targets for the treatment of DR. Methods: miRNA expression profiling was performed in retinal endothelial cells (RECs) and retina of streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats, as well as in the retina of diabetic patients and normal control subjects. In vitro overexpression and knockdown experiments were conducted in human RECs. Lentivirus expressing pre-miR-146 and miR-146 inhibitor were produced and injected intravitreally and intravenously into STZ-induced diabetic rats to evaluate the potential of miR-146 as a therapeutic target for treatment of DR. Results: 1) We identified a series of miRNA signatures reflecting ongoing pathological changes in RECs and the retina in diabetic rats. These signatures include a) NF-kB responsive miRNAs; b) VEGF responsive miRNAs, and c) apoptosis and cell senescence related miRNAs. Some of these signature miRNAs showed similar changes in the retina of diabetic patients; 2) We demonstrated that miR-146 has negative feedback regulations on both IL-1R/TLR-mediated and G-protein-coupled receptor mediated NF-kB activation pathways by targeting key adaptor molecules in these pathways in RECs; 3) In vivo delivery of miR-146 in the eyes of diabetic rats by lentiviral infection resulted in protection against development of DR. Conclusions: miRNAs are involved in multiple pathological pathways of DR. miRNAs are novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of DR and other diabetic complications.

Biography:

Patsy M Nishina, Professor, is currently at The Jackson Laboratory. Her laboratory is actively involved in generating or identifying mouse models that carry mutations, which lead to retinal diseases. In the later case, models are acquired through screening either standard mouse strains for spontaneous mutations or ENU mutagenized mice. Classical genetic as well as molecular, biochemical, imaging, and immunological approaches are used to identify molecules and pathways that are important in retinal development, maintenance and function within these models. She is particularly interested in understanding how disruption of molecules and pathways affect RPE and Mueller glia cell development, function and maintenance.

Abstract:

Abstract With the exception of trauma and infectious disease, the majority of the reported eye diseases are genetic in nature. While some of these diseases have associated animal models, many do not. Through a chemical mutagenesis program, Translational Vision Research Models, we have identified 89 ocular models with defects ranging from cataracts to photoreceptor degeneration. The molecular basis has been elucidated in 54 mutants. Of these, 25 were remutations with some similarities to previously published alleles, 13 were remutations with at least one significant difference to previously reported models, 5 were caused by mutations in genes found in human patients but for which no mouse model had been described, and 12 were caused by mutations in novel genes that were previously not implicated in eye disease. The disrupted genes encode for proteins involved in retinal developmental, in cellular structure or adhesion, in cellular trafficking, in metabolism, in the visual cycle, in synaptic signaling, and in post-translational processing of retinal proteins. Chemical mutagenesis can be, not only, used to generate new disease models but can also be used in sensitized mutagenesis-driven modifier screens. In mice, this can be a powerful approach to reveal molecules/pathways that disrupted in the disease state, and as a consequence this approachcan potentially identify new treatment targets. A large number of disease-modified strains have been identified in a sensitized screen of B6/B6N-crb1rd8/crb1rd8 mice. Enhanced retinal lesions, neovascularization, and pigmentation phenotypes have been documented in the strains established from the sensitized screens.

Biography:

Hongrui Jiang received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Cornell Universityin 2001. He was a Postdoctoral Researcher at the University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, from 2001 to 2002. He is currently the Lynn H. Matthias Professor in Engineering and the Vilas Distinguished Achievement Professor at the University of Wisconsin – Madison. His research interests are in optical MEMS, bioMEMS, smart materials and micro-/nanostructures, lab on a chip, and biomimetics and bioinspiration. He received numerous awards, including the US National Institute of Health Director’s New Innovator Award in 2011. He has more than 150 peer reviewed publications and seven issued patents.

Abstract:

Presbyopia is the most common ocular affliction and presents an extraordinary public health issue. IN this talk I will discuss about a new strategy to correct presbyopia by developing a new type of contact lens called an accommodative contact lens (ACL) that incorporates a tunable liquid lens for accommodation and devices to convert light energy to electricity and store it in situ for the operation. I first demonstrate two types of flexible, variable-focus liquid microlenses: one driven by electrowetting and the other by dielectrophoretic force. Both types of liquid microlenses are fabricated onto soft polymers for ultimate integration and embedment into contact lenses. A tuning range of more than 10 mm in focal length and fast, sub-second tuning speed have been achieved for both types of lenses. I then discuss about light energy harvesting and storage devices that can potentially be integrated into contact lenses, including dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and micro-supercapacitors. We are especially interested in simultaneously achieving energy harvesting and storage within the same single device structure, so that it can provide steady photocurrent output under sunlight illumination, while part of the photo-generated electrical energy is stored. Lastly, I present a fabrication platform to integrate the accommodative liquid lens, control electronics, and energy harvesting and storage device into the soft contact lens for presbyopic correction.

Biography:

Daniel Valverde Solis, O.D. Optometrista Facultad de Ciencias Medicas Universidad de Guayaquil , Fellow en ion SuperiorPublica Interamerican University of Puerto Rico, Educacion continua en Optometria Clinica y Pediatrica, The New England College of Optometry Boston .USA, Diplomado en Educacion Superior, Especialista en Educacion Superior, Maestria en Gerencia en Educacion Superior Unidad de Post Grado de Investigacion y desarrollo Universidad de Guayaquil, Candidato a PHD, en Educacion Superior Atlantic International University Honolulu - USA, CEO FALECO Facultad Latinoamericana de Educacion Para el Cuidado Ocular, CEO Premium Team . www.premiumteasm4life.com, Miembro de la American Optometry Asociation. Pass Presidente ALDOO.

Abstract:

99% of diseases are directly related to the imbalance of the immune system, this surely also affects the visual and ocular system of our patients, if we have a stronger immune system then we have better prospects of overcoming the disease more quickly and more effectively, it's what we do in our daily clinical practice with very satisfactory results.

Biography:

Abstract:

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of combining tectonic/therapeutic and optical lamellar keratoplasty to restore eye in threatening conditions and vision. Method: This is a retrospective review of 5 patients (7 eyes) with peripheral ulcerative keratitis and progressive degenerations that threatened the eye's integrity. All eyes underwent a peripheral tectonic-therapeutic lamellar keratoplasty (LK) to restore its integrity followed 8-12 weeks later by a central optical LK to restore their vision. All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon. Results: After peripheral therapeutic LK the integrity of all eyes was accomplished. Central optical lamellar keratoplasty reduced significantly the refractive error, improved uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity as well as quality of vision. Conclusion: The combination of tectonic-therapeutic and optical lamellar keratoplasty for treating patients with peripheral corneal progressive thinning disease that threatens the eye and rehabilitating their vision is a reliable and trustable procedure. Although each case has its independent possible complications and difficulties, the combination of this procedure gives patients a high percentage grade of success for both tectonic and optical results.

Biography:

Saffar Mansoor, Ph.D. completed his postdoctoral training in the Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Irvine. He is now a Research Associate in the School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University. He has been working in the area of eye research for several years, and has been serving as a reviewer in well-respected journals and as an international editor of the medical journal MED PHOENIX.

Abstract:

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a macular neurodegenerative disease, is the leading cause of permanent vision loss in theelderly populationworldwide. The prevalence of this disease is expected to increase in the coming years as people live longer. Cigarette smoking is one of the strongest factors associated with developing the most severe form of AMD. Cigarette smoke components (CSC), such as acrolein, nicotine, benzo(e)pyrene, hydroquinone, catechol, chrysene and 2-ethylpyridine, are hazardous to human health including the eye. Several recent research studies have shown the damaging effects of CSC on retinal pigment epithelial cells, retinal neurosensory cells, microvascular endothelial cells and MUller cells involve many complex molecular pathways. The mechanisms of CSC-induced toxicity on these cells include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. However, genistein, resveratrol, memantine, epicatechin, and alpha-lipoic acid have shown potential to reverse the toxic effects of CSC on these retinal cells. Therefore, their administration may improve or delay development of AMD.

Biography:

Chand Singh Dhull is a Senior Professor & Head of Department of Ophthalmology in Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, India.

Abstract:

Background: Standard investigative techniques for diagnosis of glaucoma include intraocular pressure measurement, Optic disc evaluation and visual field testing by standard perimetry. However, field defects become evident only after 40% RNFL loss has already occurred. Early diagnosis is important so as to prevent irreversible blindness. Early detection of glaucoma has focused on evaluation of the RNFL and the ONH by techniques like OCT, HRT and GDx as these undergo early structural changes. Glaucoma produces latency and amplitude changes on P-VEP. This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of OCT and P-VEP in detection of glaucoma in glaucoma suspects. Methods: This study included 90 eyes of 45 patients divided into three groups. Group A involved 15 patients of POAG, group B involved 15 glaucoma suspects and group C included 15 healthy volunteers. After obtaining history, intraocular pressure measurement and visual field testing, patients were subjected to ONH and RNFL assessment by OCT and P-VEP was performed and amplitude and latency were noted. Results: RNFL thickness (overall and quadrant wise) was significantly low in glaucoma suspects (98.81±9.54μ) as compared to normal patients (105.29±10.18μ). P100 latency and N95-P100 amplitude in glaucoma suspects was insignificant when compared to normal patients. A correlation between latency and RNFL thickness was found in glaucoma suspects (r= -0.370, p<0.05). Conclusions: RNFL thinning appears earlier on OCT than abnormalities on P-VEP in patients with glaucoma and glaucoma suspects. Nevertheless, p-vep is a valuable tool that can be used as an adjunct to other investigations.

Biography:

Nezar Damati completed MBA degree obtained from Middle East University, Amman, Jordan, doctor of Optometry - B.S Optometry De Ocampo Memorial College, Manila – Philippines. Professional academic educator and highly motivated optometrist, CL practitioner and consultant in fitting for the most prestigious clinics and optical chains, extensive experience in ECP, an exposure in CL education, training trainers program and training programs on leadership in CL fitting.

Abstract:

Learning Objectives: Upon completion of this program, the participant should be able to: Understand the new generation of large RGP design lenses; learn more about fitting techniques for scleral lenses and understand the indication and patient candidate of scleral lenses Course Description: Keratoconus, often referred to as “KC,” is a slowly progressive, non-inflammatory eye disease that causes the cornea to thin and assumes an irregular conical shape appearance. The cornea refracts the majority of light that enters the eye so abnormalities or injuries to the cornea can significantly affect patient vision and impair the ability to perform simple tasks and duties like driving (especially night driving), daily activities, watching TV, or reading a book. This course describes keratoconus and treatment with RGP scleral contact lenses. Conclusion: Fitting the keratoconus patient is challenging. Scleral lenses represent one of the most important tools available to fitters today. Their use should continue to increase because they offer excellent vision, good initial comfort, and they eliminate centrationrelated problems that can occur with smaller diameter lenses.

Biography:

Alexia Romanelli has completed Ophthalmology in 1998 from Instituto Nacional de Oftalmología ,UniversidadMayor de San Andrés in La Paz, Bolivia, with and Observership at Primary Children’s Hospital and Moran Eye Center Salt Lake City, Utah; PhD in Ophthalmology at Universidad de Salta, Argentina. Strabismus Fellowship at Asociacion Para Evitar la Ceguera en Mexico, DF and Pediatric Ophthalmology at Hospital J Garrahan Buenos Aires Argentina. She is a member of several Latin- American Ophthalmologu Societies, Councils and WCPOS. She has published as author and coauthor in reputed journals, book chapters, and National Ophthalmology Guidelines in her country. Head of the Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Department at Instituto Nacional de Oftalmologia for 7 years. She is now serving as the National Representative for Prevention of Blindness in ROP.

Abstract:

Many authors had described the Antielevation Syndrome following an Anterior Transposition of the Inferior Oblique muscle for Dissociated Vertical Deviation treatment as an undesirablecomplication that resembles a pseudo hyper function of the inferior oblique, associated with anantiaesthetic outcomein lateroversions. The classical technique consists in placing the inferior oblique temporarily, up, down or right beside the inferior rectus muscle insertion. The incidence of Antielevation Syndrome occurs in approximately 20% of the patients. Purpose: To present a modification to the classical Anterior Transposition of the Inferior Oblique technique, which significantly lowers the incidence of the Antielevation Syndrome. Methods: All patients included had DVD associated with moderate to severe inferior oblique over action, which could coexist with horizontal deviations. The surgical technique modification consisted in reattaching the inferior oblique right beneath the inferior rectus insertion. Patients who did not reachfor at least 12 months of follow up were excluded. A video of this new technique is showed. Results: Since 2006, a total of 101 patients underwent symmetrical modified anterior transposition of the inferior oblique. Horizontal deviations, if present, were corrected within the same procedure. Of these, only 3 (3%) showed Antielevation syndrome. Eighty five (85%) patients showed a satisfactory corrected DVD. The Follow up average was 18 months. Conclusions: The modified Anterior Transposition of the inferior oblique, immediately repositioned beneath the inferior rectus insertion, considerably diminish the appearance of an Antielevation Syndrome.

Biography:

Abstract:

Purpose: Following the introduction of the history of OQAS we will look into how the quality of the tear film severely affect quality of vision. The purpose of this work was to develop a novel optical non-invasive approach to characterize tear film quality. It is based on analysis of the ocular scattering dynamics measured objectively with a double-pass instrument. Methods: The procedure consists in dynamic recording of double-pass (DP) images during unforced tear film break-up. Series of images (every half second) are recorded in the eyes of a group of both healthy and dry-eye patients with a DP-based instrument (OQAS, Visiometrics, Spain). An unstable tear film would produce an elevation of the ocular scattering and in consequence a degraded retinal image. The relative dynamic changes of scatter would be related with modifications in the tear film quality. The dynamics of ocular scattering was evaluated with an Objective Scatter Index (OSI) calculated for each individual DP image. This parameter quantifies the level of scatter and its variations with time will indicate the impact of tear film deterioration. Results: In healthy eyes with good quality tear film, the analysis of the series of DP images showed that normal tear film break-up process involves minor fluctuations in the OSI value (0.5±0.2), whereas an abnormally accelerated tear film break-up tends to increase this value (0.9±0.3). Patients with diagnosed dry eyes showed both an increased average OSI value and higher fluctuations (3±2). The quality of the tear film can be determined and graded by the average value and standard deviation of the scatter parameter. Conclusions: A new robust and objective optical method to quantify the quality and stability of the tear film has been developed. It is based on measuring the induced changes in the scattering that affect the retinal image. This technique may be useful to detect and follow-up tear-film related patient’s complaints.

Biography:

Dr. Dan Samaha, optometrist (O.D.), obtained his Bachelor’s degree in physiology from McGill University before receiving his doctorate in optometry from the Université de Montréal in 2011. He completed in 2012 an ocular health residency at the Institut de l'Oeil des Laurentides (IOL), during which has been participating in the education of optometry student, while working at the retina, glaucoma, emergency and cataract surgery evaluation clinics. Like all his colleagues at the EIL, Dr. Samaha, optometrist, is actively involved in strengthening the bonds of collaboration between optometrists and ophthalmologists in the Laurentians region, particularly at the IOL.

Abstract:

Objective: To propose a novel non-invasive method for screening patients at risk of angle closure and thus the need for laser peripheral iridotomy using anterior segment OCT imaging. Methods: Horizontal scans of the nasal and temporal anterior chamber angles in glaucoma suspect patients were performed at 870 nm wavelength Fourier-domain OCT (Spectralis-Heidelberg). Schwalbe’s line (S) was identified on the images and using the integrated caliper tool, a line was drawn to the nearest point of the iris (S-I). A glaucoma specialist carried out gonioscopy and irido-corneal angles were graded according to a Shaffer grade. Anterior chamber depths as well as irido-corneal angle measurements were also carried out using Pentacam imaging. Spearman  analysis was performed to assess the correlation between S-I and Shaffer grades as well as between the different Pentacam measurements and Shaffer grades. Furthermore Tukey-Kramer HSD analysis was also carried out to evaluate the statistical differences between the means of S-I and each of the Pentacam measurements for each Shaffer grade. Results: Thirty-four images from forty enrolled subjects were available for analysis. Schwalbe’s line was identifiable in 94% of the total images. Correlation coefficients between S-I measurements and Shaffer grades were 0.81 and 0.77 for nasal and temporal quadrants respectively. The correlation was much lower with Pentacam-measured anterior chamber depth and irido-corneal angle (r=0.55 and 0.37 respectively). The means of S-I for gonioscopically occludable angles were statistically different than the means for gonioscopically wide-open angles. On the other hand the same statistical difference could not be achieved when comparing the means for Pentacam-measured anterior chamber depth and irido-corneal angle with gonioscopic Shaffer grade. The diagnostic cutoff value of S-I for occludable angles was established at 300 µm. Conclusion: The measurement of S-I using anterior segment OCT imaging strongly correlates with gonioscopy and may be a suitable non-invasive alternative for evaluating the risk for angle closure.

Biography:

Abstract:

Objetivo: Mostrar los resultados de la profilaxis de endoftalmitis postquirugica tras cirugía de catarata con cefuroxima intraestromal y evaluar la presencia del medicamento en el estroma corneal mediante OCT de segmento anterior. Metodo:Se realizo un estudio retrospectivo con 400 ojos intervenidos de catarata de Marzo 2013 a Febrero de 2015. Todos los pacientes fueron intervenidos con facoemulsificacion. Todos los casos recibieron una inyeccion intraestromal de cefuroxima 0,1ml (1mg), se le realizo un OCT de segmento anterior evaluando la deturgescencia corneal a las 24, 48 y 72 horas del postoperatorio. Resultados:La incidencia de EPQ fue de 0% (0 casos).EL OCT demostro un decrecimiento progresivo del espesor corneal. No se detecto ningún signo clínico de toxicidad ocular. Conclusiones: La profilaxis de endoftalmitis postquirurgica con Cefuroxima intraestromal es muy eficaz para reducir la incidencia de endoftalmitis postoperatoria, mediante el OCT muestra la presencia del medicamento descreciente en el postoperatorio.

Biography:

Kiran Turaka did MD in Ophthalmology at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi. Later, she did fellowship in Ocular Oncology from Wills Eye Institute in Philadelphia under the renowned ocular oncologists Dr. Shields. She pursued a medical retina fellowship at Associated Retina Consultants Ltd in Phoenix AZ and clinical Pediatric Ophthalmology fellowship at UPMC. She co-authored more than 35 articles in both peer reviewed and non-peer reviewed medical journals. She presented the research work at both national and international meetings

Abstract:

Purpose: Primary intraocular lymphoma is a rare eye malignancy accounting for <1% of all non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Secondary intraocular lymphoma is associated with central nervous system (CNS) NHL and is associated with poor visual and clinical outcomes. The purpose of the study is to repot the clinical, ocular image study findings in patients (pts) with vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) and outcomes of treatment with intravitreal chemotherapy. Methods: A retrospective chart review of pts presenting to retina clinic with non-responsive uveitis and vitritis between Jan 2007 to Feb 2012 was performed. Data recorded included demographics, systemic lymphoma status & treatment, ocular symptoms & clinical findings, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography (FA) & immunocytological findings, treatment methods (intravitreal methotrexate 300 micrograms/0.05 ml, 1000 mcg of rituximab in 0.1 cc) and response. Ocular and systemic lymphoma outcomes at last follow-up visit were noted. Results: Three Caucasian pts (1 female and 2 male) with bilateral vitritis (6 eyes) and CNS- NHL were identified. Mean age of pts was 64.7 years (range 53-80). Visual acuity was better than 20/40 in 4 eyes and ≤ 20/200 in 2 eyes at presentation. Iritis and uveitis were seen in 2 (33.3%) eyes and vitritis in all 6 eyes (100%). Yellowish-white subretinal infiltrates in peripapillary & macular region were present in 4 eyes (66.7%). Mean central foveal thickness on OCT was 270 (range 215-371) μm. Cystoid macular edema was present in 3 eyes (50%), subretinal fluid in 2 (33.3%) & RPE irregularities in 4 (66.7%) eyes. Most common FA findings were macular edema in 3 eyes and perivascular leakage in 1 eye. Immunocytological analysis revealed elevated levels of IL-6 (26.7 pg/ml), IL-10 (12783.5 pg/ml) and IgH gene rearrangement suggestive of lymphoma. All 6 eyes were treated with intravitreal methotrexate (mean 9.7, range 2-15). Mean duration between first intravitreal methotrexate injections to the treatment response was 3.7 weeks (range 3-7). Two pts developed keratitis secondary to methotrexate toxicity. Of which one was treated with intravitreal rituximab (2 injections in right eye and 4 in left eye) for persistent vitritis. First pt developed keratitis after 6 months of six methotrexate injections (monthly) and second patient developed after 5 weeks of seven injections (biweekly & weekly). None of the pts developed rituximab related side effects. Mean duration of follow-up was 15 months (range 4-33). At last follow-up, VRL was persistent in 4 eyes and resolved in 2 eyes. Systemic disease was in remission in 2 pts. Visual acuity was better than 20/40 in 5 eyes and ≤ 20/200 in 1 eye. One patient CNS-NHL died 6 months after treatment of VRL due to CNS relapse. He was treated with 15 intravitreal injections of methotrexate for VRL and also was treated with systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy for CNS-NHL. Conclusions: Intravitreal methotrexate and rituximab were effective in controlling the VRL with less local side effects. Primary CNS-NHL is associated with poor survival among these pts though VRL is well controlled with localized chemotherapy.

Biography:

Sherief R Janmohamed has completed his PhD (Infantile Hemangioma Pathogenesis, Evaluation, and Therapy) after graduating in Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology (including courses at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA), and Health Sciences (specialization Public Health) from the Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Currently he works at the Department of Dermatology of the University Hospital Brussels, Belgium, and is involved in international studies and a Cochrane review. In his short academic career he has already published more than 20 papers including articles in reputed Dermatology journals. He is also author of several book chapters and often speaks at international congresses and has been awarded for his research.

Abstract:

Background: Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most frequently occurring tumor in childhood. The pathogenesis remains elusive. Currently, alarming IHs are treated with oral propranolol, a β-blocker. Before 2008, oral corticosteroids were used but these showed more side effects. We have evaluated the use of intra-lesional corticosteroids in alarming peri-ocular IHs, and topical timolol (another β-blocker) in non-alarming peri-ocular IHs. Method: Thirty-four patients with alarming peri-ocular IHs were included. Intra-lesional treatment was standardized according to a prospective protocol. There were no complications at all after therapy. A second intra-lesional injection was necessary in five patients. At follow-up, 6 and 12 months after injection, 94% and 91% of the patients, respectively, had regression of the IH. Astigmatism, activity-score and global assessments all had improved after therapy. Twenty patients with small mostly superficial peri-ocular IH were included and treated with timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution 3-4 times daily. The treatment was effective in all superficial IHs after 1-4 months. A quick direct inhibitory effect on the growth of the IH followed by slower regression was observed. The children had to be treated during the whole proliferative phase. Deep IHs showed no response. Conclusions: Intra-lesional therapy with corticosteroids is very safe in the treatment of alarming peri-ocular IHs. It remains a good and safe alternative when propranolol is not possible. Topical timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution is safe and effective in small, non-alarming peri-ocular IHs. We recommend that small superficial peri-ocular IHs should be treated in an early proliferative phase.

Biography:

Presently Saeed Al Wadni is an assistant professor in Department of Ophthalmology from King Saud University and Consultant Ophthalmologist of Pathology Unit.

Abstract:

Purpose: Extra nodal Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare benign condition recently reported to sometimes show features of IgG4-related disease. Ophthalmic manifestations are seen in 11% of cases including orbit (most common), eyelid, nasolacrimal system, conjunctiva and uvea. The purpose of this study was to describe the corneal-limbal manifestation of the entity and to investigate whether numerous IgG4-positive plasma cells are associated with the disease at this site. Methods: We report two cases of extra nodal RDD presented as isolated limbal masses in young patients. Histopathological, immunohistochemical and pyro sequencing analysis of the lesions were performed in the surgical pathology and molecular laboratories at the Johns Hopkins Hospital using standard techniques. This is an interventional retrospective small case series. Results: We report two cases in young patients presented as pink, elevated, triangular limbal lesions associated with neovascularization. No systemic involvement was present in both cases. Patients underwent excisional biopsy of the lesions for histopathological examination as well as immunohistochemistry, molecular and genetic studies. On microscopic examination both cases were characterized by an atypical histiocytic infiltrate present in the substantia propria with chronic inflammation including histiocytes with engulfed lymphocytes (emperipolesis). Immunohistochemistry was performed and the atypical histiocytes were found to be CD68 positive, S-100 positive and IgG was also positive. CD1a and IgG4 were negative. Although there is association described between extra nodal RDD and IgG4 plasma cell expression, we do not found such in our two limbal lesion cases. Point mutations (V600E) in the BRAF oncogene were absent. Conclusions: Rosai–Dorfmann disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of limbal mass lesions. Involvement at this site was not associated with BRAF mutation or IgG4 abnormalities in the cases examined.

Biography:

Didar S. Anwar MD, has completed his fellowship in cornea and refractiver surgery at the Univeristy of Texas Southwestern. He is now the only corneal specialt in Erbil, Iraq. The first eye doctor to start cornea transplant surgery overthere. He is now on faculty in the Ophthalmology department of the Hawler Medical University. He is publised more than 10 peer-reviwed papers.

Abstract:

The purpose of this talk is to describe a new technique for corneal stromal dissection in Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK) after a failed big bubble attempt. The technique utilizes blunt lamellar dissection with blunt-tipped corneal miniscissors. Traditionally, a crescent blade is used for this dissection, which can be difficult for surgeons to master and is associated with a high risk of perforation. Other techniques of blunt dissection, such as the Melles technique, cannot proceed after a failed big bubble due to emphesyma in the stroma that prevents visualization of the spatula. In contrast, our blunt scissors lamellar dissection technique takes advantage of the emphysema and microdetachments of Descemet’s membrane created during big bubble attempt. In conclusion, this technique provides DALK surgeons with an easier, more reliable technique that can proceed after failure of a big bubble, thereby significantly increasing the success rate of DALK. A case series study is needed to evaluate the short and long term visual and clinical outcome of this technique.

Biography:

Objective: To determine efficacy of full time occlusion therapy in visual improvement of severe amblyopia patients and its relation with patient’s age. Methods: 82 patients with unilateral, severe amblyopia were selected at the Kabul NOOR Eye Hospital. These trials of consecutive cases were kept under this study from March 2012 to December 2014. We have divided the patients in to three age categories, First Category 4-7 years, Second Category 8-15 years, Third Category 16-32 years. In the first category 12 patients, second Category 37 patients and third Category 33 patients were included. A complete eye examination was conducted in several departments to exclude any organic diseases. Patients with refractive errors were prescribed spectacles for 2 months and then full time occlusion therapy was started. The patients were encouraged for near visual activities at least 5 hours per 24 hours. Each patient was followed up until the best vision recovery obtained 6/6 snellen chart. After that best visual acuity achieved the occlusion therapy period was decreased step by step and finally stopped. Each patient was observed separately and followed up for a period of one year. Results: We achieved 99% success in first category, 98.2% in the second category and 97.7% in the third category patients. Conclusion: Without observing the age of patients, visual improvement achieved in severe amblyopic patients with full time occlusion therapy.

Abstract:

Bashir Ahmad Mehraban has completed his Graduation from Kabul Medical University from 2003- 2009 and then he joined specialty program in Kabul NOOR Eye Hospital - Ministry of Public Health of Afghanistan during 2010-2014. Presently, he is the National/International Relations In-charge of Afghanistan Eye Doctors Society. He is the Member of European Society of Cataract & Refractive Surgeons since 2013 and the Member of American Academy of Ophthalmology since January 2015. He has attended many international conferences including World Ophthalmology Congress in Japan.

Biography:

Datiles M currently sees eye patients as part of clinical trials and research studies at NIH, including an ongoing study of ocular graft-versus-host disease in recipients of adult stem cell transplants. His long-term research focuses on cataract development and clinical trials involving anti-cataract drugs. He also collaborates with NEI lens researchers to study the genetic causes of cataracts, and with Johns Hopkins University researchers to study the aggregation of lens proteins, which may lead to cataract development. He is the author of more than one hundred scientific manuscripts and textbook chapters. He has also served as an ad hoc editorial board member and reviewer for major ophthalmology journals, including Archives of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology and Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science.

Abstract:

Recently, hematopoetic stem cell transplant (formerly called Bone Marrow Transplant) has become an increasingly successful treatment not only for blood cancers but also for auto immune disorders and solid organ cancers. However, the main long term side effect is chronic graft versus host disease, wherein the donor t-cells are dysregulated and cause varying degrees of inflammation and scar formation in various tissues in the body, including eye and skin. In most cases,the inflammation is successfully controlled by steroids and anti T cell treatments. However, some patients experience severe GVHD which respond poorly to steroids and other treatments. We are currently conducting an FDA approved randomized double masked placebo controlled clinical trial of Autologous serum eye drops for severe ocular graft versus host disease in hematopoetic stem cell transplant. We would like to share experiences in developing the clinical protocol including various clinical tests of the ocular surface of the eye and dry eye questionnaires, and dealing with problems associated with drawing blood in these very ill patients as well as a preliminary analysis of data.

Biography:

Zheng-Rong Lu is M Frank Rudy and Margaret Domiter Rudy Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Case Western Reserve University and a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering. He received his PhD from Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. His research efforts involve molecular imaging, MRI contrast agents, drug delivery and ocular therapeutics. He has over 140 peer-reviewed publications. He has served on numerous NIH study sections. He serves on Scientific Advisory Board of Pharmaceutical Research, Molecular Pharmaceutics and American Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

Abstract:

Retinal degeneration impairs the vision of millions in all age groups worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that the etiology of many retinal degenerative diseases is associated with impairment in biochemical reactions involved in the visual cycle, a metabolic pathway responsible for regeneration of the visual chromophore (11-cis-retinal). Inefficient clearance of toxic retinoid metabolites, especially all-trans-retinal is considered responsible for photoreceptor cytotoxicity. Primary amines including retinylamine and its analogues are effective in lowering the concentration of all-trans-retinal within the retina and thus prevent retina degeneration in mouse models of human retinopathies. We designed and developed drug delivery systems including polymer-retinylamine conjugates and polymeric nanoparticles to improve its therapeutic efficacy. The polymer drug conjugate was effective to provide prolonged protection of light-induced retinal degeneration in Abca4−/−Rdh8−/− (DKO), an animal model of Stargardt disease/age-related macular degeneration after oral administration. Subcutaneous administration of the nanoparticles containing retinylamine reduced liver accumulation of the drug and resulted in effective prolonged prevention of light-induced retinal degeneration in the Abca4−/−Rdh8−/− (DKO) mice. We also designed and developed new therapeutics that could effectively sequester toxic all-trans-retinal without inhibiting the enzymes involved in retinoid cycle chemistry. The new therapeutics was also effective to prevent light-induced retinal degeneration in the Abca4−/−Rdh8−/− mice with minimal side effects ont reina functions. The drug delivery systems and new therapeutics have the potential to effectively treat retinal degenerative diseases with minimal side effects.

Biography:

Hudson Nakamura is a Medical Specialist in Ophthalmology and specialized in Retina and Vitreous. Completed School of Medicine at the Federal University of Goiás – UFG and residency from the Base Hospital of the Federal District - Brasília - DF. Presently member of American Academy of Ophthalmology, Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology, Canadian Society of Ophthalmology and also the member of most prestigious society ARVO - The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology United States. Currently working as a professor in department of Retina and Vitreous Course of Medical Residency in Ophthalmology at the Bank of Goias Eye Foundation. Is also working as Specialist in vitreoretinal disease Fellowship - University of Toronto Canada, Specialist in Ophthalmology - University of Toronto Canada, Specialist in vitreoretinal disease Fellowship - Brazilian Center for Eye Surgery.

Abstract:

Background & Objective: Pseudophakic and aphakic retinal detachments are associated with a lower percentage of successful primary repairs with standard scleral buckling surgery than phakic retinal detachments. The objective of this study was to determine whether a combined scleral buckle and vitrectomy as a primary procedure offers any advantage over conventional scleral buckling in primary pseudophakic and aphakic retinal detachments without proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Materials & Methods: This was a prospective, non-randomized clinical study. Ninety-four consecutive pseudophakic and aphakic retinal detachments were included in the study. All patients were operated upon by the same surgeon. Each patient underwent a combined scleral buckle and pars plana vitrectomy with perfluorocarbon injection and air-fluid exchange. Each patient was followed by the operating surgeon for a minimum of 6 months. Patients were followed with respect to anatomic reattachment, visual acuity improvement and surgical complications. Results: All eyes were anatomically reattached after a single operation. All demonstrated an increase in their visual acuity and there were no complications attributable to the vitrectomy procedure. Conclusions: We conclude that such a combined approach to primary pseudophakic and aphakic retinal detachments offers significant benefits to scleral buckling alone. We believe that the improved success rate is a function of vitrectomy contributing to both an improved peripheral visibility, resulting in fewer missed peripheral breaks and a lower likelihood of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We recommend this combined surgical approach for all primary pseudophakic and aphakic retinal detachments.

Biography:

Major Research Interests to understand the molecular basis for disease development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR); Targeted genomics, epigenomics and proteomics-based identification of early biomarkers of diabetes and its neuronal and vascular complications of the eyes – O-GlcNAc and S-nitrosylated proteins; RNAi technology and therapeutics to prevent/slow down the progression of DR.

Abstract:

Mitochondrial (MT) dysregulation, oxidative stress, and resultant energy imbalance is associated with various chronic diseases including neurodegeneration, ischemia/reperfusion, and retinal complications of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Recently, we published that pro-oxidant thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is significantly up-regulated early in DR and under hyperglycemia in retinal cells in culture including endothelial and Muller cells (MC) and mediates cellular oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation. TXNIP expression is also responsible for pericyte apoptosis under high glucose in culture. TXNIP binds to and inhibits the anti-oxidant function of thioredoxin (Trx), therefore, results in cellular oxidative/nitrosative (ROS/RNS) stress and apoptosis. Furthermore, MC are important for retinal neuronal health and reactive MC gliosis induces aberrant gene expression for cytokines and growth factors to maintain retinal homeostasis. However, prolonged MC activation is injurious in DR. We and others observed in the retina of diabetic animal models that dopaminergic (DAergic) amacrine neurons are vulnerable to early DR and the rate-limiting enzyme for dopamine biosynthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), is down regulated. However, the molecular mechanism(s) for DAergic neuron death in DR or under hyperglycemia is not understood yet. DAergic neuron death or dopamine deficiency and resultant gliosis could cause early visual defects in patients with diabetes. We hypothesize that TXNIP up-regulation cause oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and neurovascular dysfunction in early DR and disease progression of late blinding ocular complications. Therefore, TXNIP represents a potential therapeutic target to prevent disease onset and/or slow down the progression of DR.

Biography:

Clinician scientist in Ophthalmology with a special interest in stem cell therapies for retinal degeneration. Gregory-Evans Clinic specializes in patients with genetic eye disease. Full investigative assessments including DNA testing and medical treatment are undertaken for patients with macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa and other diseases of the retina. Genetic counseling work is also undertaken for patients with other genetic eye diseases such as glaucoma and aniridia. Currently Kevin Gregory-Evans is a Professor in Ophthalmology and Julia Levy BC Leadership Chair in Macular Research from University of British Columbia

Abstract:

Nonsense mutations, modifications of sense codons that instead of encoding for specific amino acids alternatively result in a chain-termination signal and truncated RNA are thought to cause as much as 12% of all human genetic disease. In the eye, nonsense mutations are particularly associated with diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa, Leber’s congenital amaurosis, choroideremia, macular degeneration (Stargardt’s disease) and developmental anomalies such as aniridia. Recently a number of small molecule therapeutics has been studied for their ability to over-write nonsense mutations resulting in full length RNA and disease inhibition. Approximately 50% of PAX6 mutations causing aniridia are in-frame nonsense mutations. Using the small eye (Pax6Sey/+; G194X) mouse model of aniridia we have looked at the effects of the nonsense suppression drug Ataluren. We have documented a remarkable reversal of phenotype using this drug in a topical formulation (START therapy) and have found that histologic and functional benefits (electroretinography, optokinetic tracking responses) are dose sensitive. Most recently we have seen that topical and systemic Ataluren is also effective in inhibiting progression of retinal disease phenotypes suggesting that ocular disease could be a particular target for nonsense suppression strategies.

Biography:

Tina Guanting Qiu is an accomplished ophthalmology physician, trained retinal surgeon, stem cell biologist, and ocular transplant specialist with over 20 years of international experience. She had led scientific research in drug discovery, drug delivery and cell/gene therapy, established and led scientific and medical advisory boards, and served as a strategic advisor to executives in large and small companies (Inotek, LambdaVision, Sucampo, Ocata, GLG). She was Chief Medical Officer at BetaStem Inc., Senior Director at Inotekand Program Leader at GlaxoSmithKline. She has a Medical Doctor degree (with honors) from Nanchang University, a PhD in Ophthalmology from National Sun Yat-sen University in collaboration with Sheie Eye Institute, UPenn followed by post-doctoral trainings at Boston University and Doheny Eye Institute, USC. She has developed, published and lectured across US, UK, Japan and China, and been featured at Scientific American and National Eye Research Center, UK.

Abstract:

Modern medicine development is alike unlocking the mystery of a black box. The 10-year drug development journey is about establishing a drug molecular biological trait along with its pharmacological behaviors in animal disease models and various human conditions. This talk will center on the paradigm shift in therapeutic intervention for retinal diseases. Topics include: 1) Emerging ocular drug delivery innovation from polymer-based sustained release drug delivery to genetic engineered protein bio factory and RNAi/mRNA based therapeutic target (superchoroid and subretinal routes begin to merge); 2) knowledge gaps in regenerative medicine and bio-nanotechnology at cutting edge front; 3) Parainflammation in retina and glaucoma disease management; 4) New highs in disease alteration by emerging therapies - the switch from “wet to dry” of vascular AMD (age-related macular degeneration) is a great example in the rising wave of anti-VEGF therapy; 5) Finally, understand disease staging and phenotype stratification is “A Must” in developing personalized treatment algorithm. New evidences suggest that AMD represents a group of heterogeneous clinical pathological entity that includes RPE aging, photoreceptor loss, Bruch’s membrane thickening, and choroid ischemia, among which one or more can be the primary trigger and predominant clinical phenotype. New appreciation of glaucoma as a neural degenerative disease involving pressure-dependent and pressure-independent risk factors may lead to a breakthrough of neural protection drug development in the 21st century. In summary, reduce photoreceptor and retinal ganglion cell loss is the ultimate goal of therapeutic intervention for a large spectrum of significant neurovascular abnormalities in the retina.